Rollups have emerged as the primary scaling solution for Ethereum. Transactions are executed off chain where costs are low and speeds are fast, and the rollup operator submits a summary or snapshot of the transaction outcomes to the Ethereum blockchain.

ZK Rollups use Zero-Knowledge Proofs to validate transactions, while Optimistic Rollups rely on a challenge period for fraud detection. Both types of rollups significantly reduce transaction costs and increase transaction throughput, while maintaining the security of the Ethereum mainnet.

Ethereum rollups offer significant security benefits by leveraging the underlying security mechanisms of the Ethereum mainnet, ensuring that transaction data remains tamper-proof and highly secure. Optimistic Rollups rely on a challenge period for fraud detection, maintaining security through economic incentives, while Zero-Knowledge Rollups use cryptographic proofs to validate transactions without revealing their contents, enhancing privacy and security.